See also: Motor fuel market in Russia. History and prospects, Design and construction of filling stations, Peculiarities of filling stations designPeculiarities of LHG filling stations design
LHG filling station is a filling station with a process system destined for LHG (liquefied hydrocarbon gas) filling of trucks, special-purpose motor vehicles, automobiles. A process system of LHG filling stations can be of different performance – subsurface or above-ground, with single-shell and double-shell LHG cylinders, modular and traditional. A list of the works performed concerning the projects on LHG filling stations: 1. LHG filling stations design with one or two subsurface double-shell (or single-shell) LHG cylinders of 10 cubic meters capacity for placement within a residential area; 2. LHG filling stations design with one or two subsurface double-shell (or single-shell) LHG cylinders of no more than 20 cubic meters capacity for placement out of the residential area; 3. LHG filling stations design with modular process systems of compression-type machine and advanced manufacturing technology production and so on; 4. LHG filling stations design with above-ground insulated LHG cylinders of compression-type machine and advanced manufacturing technology production and so on; 5. Design of gas pumping stations (GPS) and points; 6. Development of project documentation on turning (re-equipment) traditional filling stations into wide-range filling stations (design of LHG storage and deliverability areas as a part of wide-range filling stations); 7. Development of design documentation, construction and installation of LHG process systems with subsurface or above-ground double-shell or single-shell LHG cylinders of single capacity from 10 to 20 cubic meters; 8.Testing and commissioning works of inspection and control system of LHG filling stations process systems; 9.Modernization of equipment and LHG filling stations reconstruction as a whole, construction and installation of fire safety systems; 10. Rebranding and development of LHG filling stations design-projects; Design of LHG filling stations, gas pumping stations and wide-range filling stations is performed in accordance with the current standards and regulations of the Russian Federation. Minimal distance from constructions of wide-range filling stations, Automobile CNG filling stations and LHG filling stations (apart from LHG filling stations with single-shell cylinders) to buildings, structures and outdoor installations of the automobile transportation company where they are placed is accepted in accordance with Table P.6.3. of NPB (Fire Safety Regulations) 111-98*. (“Filling stations. Fire safety requirements”). At wide-range filling stations there is no provision for: - portable filling stations which do not meet the current requirements imposing on the process system of wide-range filling stations; - filling points which do not regard cylinders filling (capacity, balloons) of the process system of a filling station or transport fuel systems; - gas distribution points. Minimal distance between filling stations (LHG filling stations) buildings and structures is accepted in conformity with Table P.6.2. of NPB (Fire Safety Regulations) 111-98* (“Filling stations. Fire safety requirements”). Wide-range filling stations placement in enterprises area is not permitted, apart from automobile transportation companies where such filling stations serve as fuel-supply points. Site for LHG road tankers is equipped to prevent from LHG liquid phase spillage yielding and from atmospheric explosives forming outside of a filling station due to LHG vaporization from the surface of this spillage. The equipping for LHG road tankers site stated above is performed the following way: - equipping with flaring of no less than 150 millimeters high which ensures prevention LHG from yielding with rapid depressurization of a road tanker accessories located below the nominal level of LHG filling.
- equipping with out-door LHG fume exhaust system which provides for a steam-air medium mobility (horizontally on the flaring upper edge level) at any point of the site of no less than 2 m/s speed and a steam-air medium outburst through a drawdown tube. System equipment is explosion-proof and spark-proof. Starting up and stoppage of the system can be performed both automatically and manually from the road tanker site and the operator’s shack by remote control. With all this automatic starting up of LHG fume exhaust system is realized from pre-explosive concentration receivers and stoppage – from fire detectors. Wide-range filling stations design has no provision for common sites for road tankers with liquid gas fuel and for LHG road tankers, for simultaneous placing of 2 or more road tankers at a filling station, for cylinders filling with liquid gas fuel or LHG without stoppage of a filling station operation. With filling of one of the cylinders with fuel (apart from compressed natural gas cylinders) there is an automatic prevention other cylinders from filling, a shut down of compressor equipment which is not used in a cylinder filling and all dispensing units of a filling station. Energy supply of emergency shut down systems of LHG filling stations and wide-range filling stations (including emergency ventilation and LHG fume exhaust system) is to be in full conformity with the first category of reliability in accordance with the Operation Standards for Electrical Equipment (PUE). At LHG filling stations LHG cylinders are disposed underground with soil backfilling thickness not less than 0.5 meters. According to the NPB (Fire Safety Regulations) 111-98* (“Filling stations. Fire safety requirements”) underground cylinders are considered to be cylinders (pipelines) located above the ground fully or partially, back filled with soil not less than 0.5 meters higher than their natural line and of width ensuring prevention fill from failure under service conditions or protected by other noncombustible material providing with the same thermal insulator from fire exposure. At that there is a prevention from caving between a cylinder (pipeline) and a material protecting it within the cylinder (pipeline) operation hours. At wide-range filling stations placed within the residential areas LHG cylinders total capacity is not to be more than 20 cubic meters, and for those of single capacity – not more than 10 cubic meters. Total and single capacity of LHG cylinders at filling stations disposed out of the residential areas can be increased not more than twice as much. Total and single capacity of LHG cylinders can be increased not more than twice as much with water supply to the outdoor fire-fighting system and reflux with quantity meeting the present standards within a full LHG burn-off from the largest cylinder (including road tankers) applied at this filling station. LHG cylinders at LHG filling stations are equipped with the automatic system for maximum permissible filling prevention (85 % from their geometrical volume). Filling cylinders with LHG is to be made from road tankers only. These cylinders are equipped with emergency dumping line to road tankers. It is permitted to deliver LHG to dispensing units of LHG filling stations of common usage from cylinders of gas pumping stations and points provided that there are no LHG cylinders within a LHG filling station territory; there is a provision with (from an operator’s shack of a LHG filling station) a remote line shut-down of LHG delivery on the territory of a gas pumping station or a point; there is a LHG delivery lock-out to dispensing units of a LHG filling station with filling of a cylinder from which this delivery is made. In accordance with the NPB (Fire Safety Regulations) 111-98* (“Filling stations. Fire safety requirements”) placing of buildings and structures of maintenance service for drivers, passengers and their transport at LHG filling stations with single-shell cylinders is not permitted (except for a shop of accompanying goods without a sales’ room). At that buildings are to be of I or II fire resistance rating of S0 or S1 class. Minimal distance from a LHG filling station with single-shell cylinders to the facilities not related to it and to the buildings and structures of an enterprise where it is operated as a fuel supply point is accepted in accordance with the Table P.6.4. of NPB (Fire Safety Regulations) 111-98* (“Filling stations. Fire safety requirements”). Minimal distance between buildings and structures is accepted in accordance with Table P.6.2. of NPB (Fire Safety Regulations) 111-98* (“Filling stations. Fire safety requirements”) . Minimal distance to above-ground LHG cylinders are increased by 50 % compared with the distance to underground cylinders stated in Table P.6.2. The distance between above-ground cylinders are to be not less than 20 meters long.
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